Introduction to Automation

A Beginner's Guide to Automation Testing

A Beginner's Guide to Automation Testing

As an experienced test engineer, I'd like to introduce you to the fascinating world of automation testing. This guide aims to provide you with a clear and simple understanding of what automation testing is, when to use it, and the tools and benefits associated with it.

What is Automation?

Automation in software testing involves converting manual test cases into automated test scripts. Essentially, it's when one software tests another to ensure that actual results match expected outcomes. This method streamlines the testing process, increasing efficiency and reliability.

When Should We Opt for Automation?

Automation testing is not always necessary, but it becomes essential in certain scenarios:

  • Regression Testing: For repeated regression testing, instead of manually executing old test cases, we write automation scripts to perform these tests using an automation tool.
  • High-Quality Product Delivery: Automation ensures a consistent and high-quality product by catching defects early.
  • Time Savings: Automated tests run faster than manual tests, saving valuable time.
  • Market Competition: Automation helps in keeping up with market demands by accelerating the testing process.
  • Long-Term Projects: Automation is beneficial for projects with a long lifespan due to its reusability.
  • Repetitive Tasks: Tasks that are repetitive and mundane are perfect candidates for automation.

Note:

  • Manual test cases serve as the foundation for automation testing.
  • Automation should begin only after the build is stable.

What is an Automation Script?

An automation script is a program written based on manual test cases. It includes verifications or assertions to check if the software behaves as expected. These scripts can be written in various programming languages, as long as the automation tool supports them.

What is an Automation Tool?

An automation tool is software that allows us to write and run automation scripts on the Application Under Test (AUT) or Software Under Test (SUT). These tools are essential for executing automated tests effectively.

Advantages of Automation Testing

  • Faster Execution: Automated tests run much quicker than manual tests, significantly reducing the time required for testing.
  • Increased Accuracy: Automation minimizes human errors, providing more accurate results.
  • Cost Reduction: Although the initial setup may require an investment, automation reduces costs in the long run by saving time and resources.

Disadvantages of Automation Testing

  • Not All Scenarios Can Be Automated: Some test cases, like those involving OTPs, CAPTCHAs, audio, screen transitions, and network errors, cannot be easily automated.
  • Programming Skills Required: Test engineers need programming skills to write and maintain automation scripts.
  • Inability to Perform Ad-Hoc Testing: Automation is not suitable for exploratory or ad-hoc testing where human intuition and experience are crucial.
  • Sensitivity to UI Changes: Small changes in the user interface can cause automated tests to fail, requiring constant updates to the scripts.

Popular Automation Tools in the Market

Functional Testing Tools (UI Testing):

  • Selenium
  • QTP (Quick Test Professional)
  • TestComplete
  • SAHI

Performance Testing Tools (Stress or Load Testing):

  • JMeter
  • LoadRunner

Back-End Testing Tools:

  • Rest API
  • Postman
  • Rest Assured

Automation testing is a powerful method to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of software testing. By understanding its benefits and limitations, you can make informed decisions about when and how to implement automation in your testing process.

Author: Akash Deb (SDET)

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